David Riesman and the Concept of Bibliographic Citation

[n this article, we discuss how, over time, both the concept and the function of bibliographic citation change and correspond to Riesman’s three types of personal character. First in the tradition-directed period, titles come beforeauthors, since the writer is seerr as merely the instrument of authority, In the inner-directed period, a transition occurs, with the author’s name coming before the title. Finally, in the present time, which corresponds to Riesman’s other-directed pen”od, the format for the bibliographic citation becomes formalizd, and the conceptof its function changes dramatically. Ultimately the citation becomes a symbol for both substantive content and for intellectual property.